Main Article Content
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pulmonary system is the most commonly affected organ system by COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 results in disruption of ACE/ACE2 balance leading to RAAS activation. The present study was carried out to determine the lung function in the recovery phase of COVID -19 by spirometry in India.
METHODS
A prospective (Follow up) observational study was done on 100 patients from March 2021 to November 2021. COVID-19 patients with RT-PCR positive results aged between 25 to 60 years were enrolled in the study. All the subjects were health care workers working in King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam. They were followed for a period of 3 months.
RESULTS
The mean age was 48.35 ± 11.07 years. 71 % were males. The mean height was 162.85 ± 7.47 cm while the mean weight was 36.71 ± 1.12 kg. During enrolment, the mean forced vital capacity (FVC) was 2.22 ± 0.68 L, forced expiratory volume (FEV1) was 1.97 ± 0.63 L and FEV1/FVC% was 89.35 ± 13.27 %. There was no statistically significant difference in FVC between enrolment and various periods of follow up at 1 and 3 months. There was a statistically significant difference between FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% between enrolment and various periods of follow up at 1 and 3 months.
CONCLUSIONS
COVID-19 infection has an impact on the lung functions. PFT done 3 months later after clinical cure/discharge showed an improvement in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% in the present study. Long-term follow-up of the lung function in post-COVID-19 survivors is recommended.
Keywords
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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References
World Health Organization. Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 [Internet]. Genuva; World Health Organization 2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---19-october-2022
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395(10223):497-506.
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020;395(10223):507-13.
Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic. Acta Biomed 2020;91(1):157-60.
Johnson KD, Harris C, Cain JK, et al. Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020;7:526.
Beyerstedt S, Casaro EB, Rangel ÉB. COVID-19: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and tissue susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021;40(5):905-19.
Zhang H, Penninger JM, Li Y, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target. Intensive Care Med 2020;46(4):586-90.
Wang K, Gheblawi M, Oudit GY. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2: a double-edged sword. Circulation 2020;142(5):426-8.
Ni W, Yang X, Yang D, et al. Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in COVID-19. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):422.
D'Agnillo F, Walters KA, Xiao Y, et al. Lung epithelial and endothelial damage, loss of tissue repair, inhibition of fibrinolysis, and cellular senescence in fatal COVID-19. Sci Transl Med 2021;13(620):eabj7790.
Leisman DE, Mehta A, Thompson BT, et al. Alveolar, endothelial, and organ injury marker dynamics in severe COVID-19. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022;205(5):507-19.
George PM, Wells AU, Jenkins RG. Pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19: the potential role for antifibrotic therapy. Lancet Respir Med 2020;8(8):807-15.
So M, Kabata H, Fukunaga K, et al. Radiological and functional lung sequelae of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med 2021;21(1):97.
Meftahi GH, Jangravi Z, Sahraei H, et al. The possible pathophysiology mechanism of cytokine storm in elderly adults with COVID-19 infection: the contribution of "inflame-aging". Inflamm Res 2020;69(9):825-39.
Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, et al. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal 2020;10(2):102-8.
Tay MZ, Poh CM, Rénia L, et al. The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention. Nat Rev Immunol 2020;20(6):363-74.
Frija-Masson J, Debray MP, Gilbert M, et al. Functional characteristics of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia at 30 days post-infection. Eur Respir J 2020;56(2).
Torres-Castro R, Vasconcello-Castillo L, Alsina-Restoy X, et al. Respiratory function in patients post-infection by COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pulmonology 2021;27(4):328-37.
BDSS Corp. Released 2020. coGuide Statistics software, Version 1.0, India: BDSS corp.
Shi H, Han X, Jiang N, et al. Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20(4):425-34.
Proal AD, VanElzakker MB. Long COVID or Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): an overview of biological factors that may contribute to persistent symptoms. Front Microbiol 2021;12:698169.
Ye L, Yao G, Lin S, et al. The investigation of pulmonary function changes of COVID-19 patients in three months. J Healthc Eng 2022;2022:9028835.
Wu Q, Zhong L, Li H, et al. A Follow-up study of lung function and chest computed tomography at 6 months after discharge in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Can Respir J 2021;2021:6692409.
Chen M, Liu J, Peng P, et al. Dynamic changes of pulmonary diffusion capacity in survivors of non-critical COVID-19 during the first six months. EClinical Medicine 2022;43:101255.