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Abstract
Cardiac involvement in disseminated cysticercosis is a rare presentation. Here we report a case of 32-year-old male who presented with a seizure disorder and was found to have disseminated cysticercosis involving central nervous system, cardiac, intraocular and skeletal muscles.
Disseminated cysticercosis (DCC) is defined as multiple cystic/enhancing cysticercal lesions (>3) in the brain, along with evidence of involvement in another body part, such as the skin, subcutaneous tissues, skeletal muscles, eyes, or other visceral organs.[1] Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection that results from the ingestion of pork tapeworm ova, Taenia solium. The ingested worm ova then hatch in the gastrointestinal tract, penetrate the small intestine, and spread hematogenously to essentially any organ.[2]
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References
- Qavi A, Garg RK, Malhotra HS, et al. Disseminated cysticercosis: clinical spectrum, Toll-like receptor-4 gene polymorphisms and role of Albendazole. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016;95(39):e4882.
- Shogan PJ, Yasmer JF, Monson M. Cardiac cysticercosis. Am J Roentgenol 2009;192(5):212-3.
- Nunes MCP, Guimarães MH, Diamantino AC, et al. Cardiac manifestations of parasitic diseases. Heart 2017;103(9):651-8.
- Groom ZC, Protopapas AD, Zochios V. Tropical diseases of the myocardium: a review. Int J Gen Med 2017;10:101-11.
- Rajshekhar V. Neurocysticercosis: diagnostic problems and current therapeutic strategies. Indian J Med Res 2016;144(3):319-26.
- Aguilar-Díaz H, Bobes RJ, Carrero JC, et al. The genome project of Taenia solium. Parasitol Int 2006;55:S127-30.
- Almeida CR, Stoco PH, Wagner G, et al. Transcriptome analysis of Taenia solium cysticerci using open reading frame ESTs (ORESTES). Parasit Vectors 2009;2:35.
- Garcia HH, Del Brutto OH. Taenia solium cysticercosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2000;14(1):97-119.
- Victor B, Kanobana K, Gabriël S, et al. Proteomic analysis of Taenia solium metacestode excretion-secretion proteins. Proteomics 2012;12(11):1860-9.
- Hewitson JP, Grainger JR, Maizels RM. Helminth immunoregulation: the role of parasite secreted proteins in modulating host immunity. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2009;167(1):1-11.
- Del Brutto OH, Campos X. Massive neurocysticercosis: Encephalitic versus non-encephalitic. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012;87(3):381.
- Bastos AL, Marchiori E, Gasparetto EL, et al. Pulmonary and cardiac cysticercosis: helical CT findings. Br J Radiol 2007;80(951):e58-60.
- Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Catacora M, et al. Serologic evolution of neurocysticercosis patients after antiparasitic therapy. Cysticercosis working group in Peru. J Infect Dis 1997;175(2):486-9.
- Néri AKM, Lino DOC, Veras SS, et al. Cardiac cysticercosis: current trends in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In: Current state of the art in cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis. London: IntechOpen 2021.
- Ganaraja HV, Mahadevan A, Saini J, et al. Disseminated Cysticercosis in Indian Scenario – Experience from a Teaching University Hospital. Neurol India 2022;70(3):1032-40.
- Garcia HH, Gonzales I, Lescano AG, et al. Efficacy of combined antiparasitic therapy with praziquantel and albendazole for neurocysticercosis: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2014;14(8):687-95.
- Sotelo J, Escobedo F, Rodriguez-Carbajal J, et al. Therapy of parenchymal brain cysticercosis with praziquantel. N Engl J Med 1984;310(16):1001-7.
- Wadia N, Desai S, Bhatt M. Disseminated cysticercosis. New observations, including CT scan findings and experience with treatment by praziquantel. Brain 1988;111(Pt 3):597-614.
- Jankharia BG, Chavhan GB, Krishnan P, et al. MRI and ultrasound in solitary muscular and soft tissue cysticercosis. Skeletal Radiol 2005;34(11):722-6.
References
Qavi A, Garg RK, Malhotra HS, et al. Disseminated cysticercosis: clinical spectrum, Toll-like receptor-4 gene polymorphisms and role of Albendazole. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016;95(39):e4882.
Shogan PJ, Yasmer JF, Monson M. Cardiac cysticercosis. Am J Roentgenol 2009;192(5):212-3.
Nunes MCP, Guimarães MH, Diamantino AC, et al. Cardiac manifestations of parasitic diseases. Heart 2017;103(9):651-8.
Groom ZC, Protopapas AD, Zochios V. Tropical diseases of the myocardium: a review. Int J Gen Med 2017;10:101-11.
Rajshekhar V. Neurocysticercosis: diagnostic problems and current therapeutic strategies. Indian J Med Res 2016;144(3):319-26.
Aguilar-Díaz H, Bobes RJ, Carrero JC, et al. The genome project of Taenia solium. Parasitol Int 2006;55:S127-30.
Almeida CR, Stoco PH, Wagner G, et al. Transcriptome analysis of Taenia solium cysticerci using open reading frame ESTs (ORESTES). Parasit Vectors 2009;2:35.
Garcia HH, Del Brutto OH. Taenia solium cysticercosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2000;14(1):97-119.
Victor B, Kanobana K, Gabriël S, et al. Proteomic analysis of Taenia solium metacestode excretion-secretion proteins. Proteomics 2012;12(11):1860-9.
Hewitson JP, Grainger JR, Maizels RM. Helminth immunoregulation: the role of parasite secreted proteins in modulating host immunity. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2009;167(1):1-11.
Del Brutto OH, Campos X. Massive neurocysticercosis: Encephalitic versus non-encephalitic. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012;87(3):381.
Bastos AL, Marchiori E, Gasparetto EL, et al. Pulmonary and cardiac cysticercosis: helical CT findings. Br J Radiol 2007;80(951):e58-60.
Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Catacora M, et al. Serologic evolution of neurocysticercosis patients after antiparasitic therapy. Cysticercosis working group in Peru. J Infect Dis 1997;175(2):486-9.
Néri AKM, Lino DOC, Veras SS, et al. Cardiac cysticercosis: current trends in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In: Current state of the art in cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis. London: IntechOpen 2021.
Ganaraja HV, Mahadevan A, Saini J, et al. Disseminated Cysticercosis in Indian Scenario – Experience from a Teaching University Hospital. Neurol India 2022;70(3):1032-40.
Garcia HH, Gonzales I, Lescano AG, et al. Efficacy of combined antiparasitic therapy with praziquantel and albendazole for neurocysticercosis: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2014;14(8):687-95.
Sotelo J, Escobedo F, Rodriguez-Carbajal J, et al. Therapy of parenchymal brain cysticercosis with praziquantel. N Engl J Med 1984;310(16):1001-7.
Wadia N, Desai S, Bhatt M. Disseminated cysticercosis. New observations, including CT scan findings and experience with treatment by praziquantel. Brain 1988;111(Pt 3):597-614.
Jankharia BG, Chavhan GB, Krishnan P, et al. MRI and ultrasound in solitary muscular and soft tissue cysticercosis. Skeletal Radiol 2005;34(11):722-6.