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Abstract
Pleural effusion is accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity. The most common etiological factors are infections (e.g. tuberculosis), systemic disorders (e.g. Congestive Cardiac Failure, Portal hypertension, etc.) and solid tumours.[1] Leukemic infiltration into other organs has been documented,[2] however pleural effusion is rarely observed in association with acute leukaemia.[1,2] If it occurs, other possibilities such as infection, various disseminated solid tumours and treatment associated toxicities have to be ruled out.[1,2,3,4] Most common haematological malignancies associated with pleural effusion are Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.[1,4,5] Leukemic pleural effusion is thought to be associated with poor prognosis especially if it develops in the first six months after the diagnosis of leukaemia.[1,5,6,7]
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References
- Wang ST, Chen CL, Liang SH, et al. Acute myeloid leukemia with leukemic pleural effusion and high levels of pleural adenosine deaminase: a case report and review of literature. Open Med 2021;16(1):387-96.
- Faiz SA, Bashoura L, Lei X, et al. Pleural effusions in patients with acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Leuk Lymphoma 2013;54(2):329-35.
- Agarwal M, Purohit AH, Mahapatra M, et al. Pleural effusion as an unusual initial presentation of acute myeloid leukemia. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2014;30(3):195-6.
- Pemmaraju N, Chang E, Daver N, et al. Extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia: leukemic pleural effusion, case report and review of the literature. Front Oncol 2014;4:130.
- Oliveira CC, de Oliveira MLCS, Domingues MAC. Hematological malignancy diagnosed on cytological exam-ination of cavity fluid: pleural effusion as first manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia. The Scientific Pages of Leukemia Research 2017;1-4.
- Tsimberidou AM, Kantarjian HM, Estey E, et al. Outcome in patients with nonleukemic granulocytic sarcoma treated with chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. Leukemia 2003;17(6):1100-3.
- Mishra AK, Kumar S, Babu S, et al. Rare initial presentation of ALL as pleural effusion. Egyptian J of Chest Dis and Tuberculosis 2015;64(3):615-6.
- Chen CY, Sheng WH, Cheng A, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of mycobacterium tuberculosis disease in adult patients with hematological malignancies. BMC Infect Dis 2011;11:324.
- Gupta A, Singh M, Singh H, et al. Infections in acute myeloid leukemia: an analysis of 382 febrile episodes. Med Oncol 2010;27(4):1037-45.
- Cakir E, Demirag F, Aydin M, et al. A review of uncommon cytopathologic diagnoses of pleural effusions from a chest diseases center in Turkey. Cyto J 2011;8:13.
- Johnston WW. The malignant pleural effusion. A review of cytopathologic diagnoses of 584 specimens from 472 consecutive patients. Cancer 1985;56(4):905-9.
References
Wang ST, Chen CL, Liang SH, et al. Acute myeloid leukemia with leukemic pleural effusion and high levels of pleural adenosine deaminase: a case report and review of literature. Open Med 2021;16(1):387-96.
Faiz SA, Bashoura L, Lei X, et al. Pleural effusions in patients with acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Leuk Lymphoma 2013;54(2):329-35.
Agarwal M, Purohit AH, Mahapatra M, et al. Pleural effusion as an unusual initial presentation of acute myeloid leukemia. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2014;30(3):195-6.
Pemmaraju N, Chang E, Daver N, et al. Extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia: leukemic pleural effusion, case report and review of the literature. Front Oncol 2014;4:130.
Oliveira CC, de Oliveira MLCS, Domingues MAC. Hematological malignancy diagnosed on cytological exam-ination of cavity fluid: pleural effusion as first manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia. The Scientific Pages of Leukemia Research 2017;1-4.
Tsimberidou AM, Kantarjian HM, Estey E, et al. Outcome in patients with nonleukemic granulocytic sarcoma treated with chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. Leukemia 2003;17(6):1100-3.
Mishra AK, Kumar S, Babu S, et al. Rare initial presentation of ALL as pleural effusion. Egyptian J of Chest Dis and Tuberculosis 2015;64(3):615-6.
Chen CY, Sheng WH, Cheng A, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of mycobacterium tuberculosis disease in adult patients with hematological malignancies. BMC Infect Dis 2011;11:324.
Gupta A, Singh M, Singh H, et al. Infections in acute myeloid leukemia: an analysis of 382 febrile episodes. Med Oncol 2010;27(4):1037-45.
Cakir E, Demirag F, Aydin M, et al. A review of uncommon cytopathologic diagnoses of pleural effusions from a chest diseases center in Turkey. Cyto J 2011;8:13.
Johnston WW. The malignant pleural effusion. A review of cytopathologic diagnoses of 584 specimens from 472 consecutive patients. Cancer 1985;56(4):905-9.