Main Article Content
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Stress in life can deteriorate the physical and mental health of a person. Stress is higher among medical college students. The present study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence and causes of stress in different professions, in different countries, and different sexes to compare with the control and suggest possible solutions for the same in the future.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was undertaken among different professional college students (PCS) (Medical, Engineering, Dental, Pharmacy, and Nursing) at a randomly selected King Faisal University in Saudi Arabia with control from the same university. A similar study was conducted at one rural engineering college and one urban engineering college in India. The level of stress was assessed using the perceived stress scale (1983). Data was collected, tabulated, and analyzed using Excel and SPSS software. Complete data was available from 426 PCS at KFU, including 120 students from rural engineering colleges in India and 31 students from urban engineering colleges in India. A total of 60 controls were taken from non-professional colleges in SA.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of stress was high in all PCS, and it varied from 65.33% to 87.10% in different PCS. The causes of stress were a vast and difficult syllabus, pattern of exams, lack of counselling and guidance, fewer co-curricular activities, etc. Stress in nonprofessional control was 30.00%.
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of stress is more in different professional college students irrespective of colleges, countries and sex compared to control. The causes of stress among all these students are similar. So the planning and managements for professional colleges must take it seriously. These issues can be solved by providing more teaching and learning facilities, creating a relaxing atmosphere within the college, changing the patterns of examinations, regular counselling, inclusion of recreations like cultural activities, educational tours, music, sports, etc. along with the curriculum. All these things might create more and more healthy and educated professionals to serve our society.
Keywords
Article Details
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References
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- Abdus Salam, Ribeye Yousef, et al., Stress among Medical Students in Malaysia: A Systematic Review of Literature. International Medical Journal 2013;20(6):649-55.
- Sherina MS, Rampal L, Kaneson N. Psychological stress among undergraduate medical students. Med J Malaysia 2004;59(2):207-11.
- Lupo MK, Strous RD. Religiosity, anxiety and depression among Israeli medical students. Isr Med Assoc J 2011;13(10):613-8.
- Rosal MC, Ockene IS, Ockene JK, et al. A longitudinal study of students' depression at one medical school. Acad Med 1997;72(6):542-6.
- Sidana S, Kishore J, Ghosh V, et al. Prevalence of depression in students of a medical college in New Delhi: a cross-sectional study. Australas Med J 2012;5(5):247-50.
- Dagistani A, Al Hejaili F, Binsalih S, et al. Stress in medical students in a problem-based learning curriculum. International Journal of Higher Education 2016;5(3):12-9.
- Rab F, Mamdou R, Nasir S. Rates of depression and anxiety among female medical students in Pakistan. East Mediterr Health J 2008;14(1):126-33.
- Stewart SM, Betson C, Marshall I, et al. Stress and vulnerability in medical students. Med Educ 1995;29(2):119-27.
- Gupta S, Choudhury S, Das M, et al. Factors causing stress among students of a Medical College in Kolkata, India. Educ Health 2015;28(1):92-5.
- Shendarkar AT, Patil V. A study of stressors in medical college students in northern Maharashtra. J Indian Acad Forensic Med 2013;35(3):227-9.
- Pradhan G, Mendonca NL, Sahajanand S, et al. Does appearing for exams cause stress? Evaluation the stress status among MBBS students influence of examinations. IJHSR 2013;3(11):38-43.
- Linn BS, Zeppa R. Stress in junior medical students: relationship to personality and performance. J Med Educ 1984;59(1):7-12.
- Priti Solanky et al. Study of psychological stress among undergraduate medical students of government medical college. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2012;1(2):38-42.
- Supe AN. A study of stress in medical students at Seth G.S. Medical College. J Postgrad Med 1998;44(1):1-6.
- Daud S, Shaikh RZ, Ahmad M, et al. Stress in medical students. Pak J Med Health Sci 2014;8(3):503-7.
- Abdulghani HM, AlKanhal AA, Mahmoud ES, et al. Stress and Its Effects on Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study at a College of Medicine in Saudi Arabia. J Health Popul Nutr 2011;29(5):516-22.
- Sharma B. A study of academic stress and its effect on vital parameters in final year medical students at SAIMS, India. Biomed Res 2011;22(3):361-5.
- Ross S, Cleland J, Macleod MJ. Stress, debt and undergraduate medical student performance. Med Educ 2006;40(6):584-9.
- Nandi M, Hazra A, Sarkar S, et al. Stress and its risk factors in medical students. Indian J Med Sci 2012;66(1-2):1-12.
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- Skidmore CR, Kaufman EA, Crowell SE. Substance use among college students. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2016;25(4):735-53.
- Arria AM, Caldeira KM, Vincent KB, et al. Do college students improve their grades by using prescription stimulants nonmedically? Addict Behav 2017;65:245-9.
- Croom K, Lewis D, Marchell T, et al. Impact of an online alcohol education course on behavior and harm for incoming first-year college students: short-term evaluation of a randomized trial. J Am Coll Health 2009;57(4):445-54.
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- Datta A, Bhattacharyya A, Naskar NN. Substance abuse among Medical students: Indian Journal of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata 2015;1(2):41-7
- Goel N, Khandelwal V, Pandya K, et al. Alcohol and Tobacco Use Among Undergraduate and Postgraduate Medical Students in India: A Multicentric Cross-sectional Study. Cent Asian J Glob Health 2015;4(1):187.
- WHO. Substance Abuse. 2016. Accessed from: www.who.int/topics/substance_abuse/en/
- Kumari R, Nath B. Study on the Use of Tobacco among Male Medical Students in Lucknow, India. Indian J Community Med 2008;33(2):100-3.
- Mackay J, Eriksen M. The tobacco atlas 2002. Geneva: World Health Organization 2002
- Mohan S, Pradeepkumar AS, Thresia CU, et al. Tobacco use among medical professionals in Kerala, India: the need for enhanced tobacco cessation and control efforts. Addict Behave 2006;31(12):2313-8.
- Ramakrishna GS, Sarma PS, Thankappan KR. Tobacco use among medical students in Orissa. Natl Med J India 2005;18(6):285-9.
- Kumar NSP, Pathath AW, Harsha NS, et al. Stress in Medical Students and its Consequences: A Cross-Sectional Study at a College of Medicine in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Indian Psychȯlog 2022;10(1).
- Trushna S, Geetanjali PM, Shah GV. Stress and stressors in medical education and evaluation of different modalities to overcome it. Sch J App Med Sci 2014;2(3D):1123-6.
- Pradeepkumar NS, Joseph NM, Kotastane D, et al. Student perspective of pathology museum. Natl Med J India 2010;23(6) 377-8.
- Dyrbye LN, Thomas MR, Shanafelt TD. Medical student distress: causes, consequences, and proposed solutions. Mayo Clin Proc 2005;80(12):1613-22.
- NH Department of Administrative Services (Gov.) https://www.das.nh.gov› perceived stress scale.
- Al-Sowygh ZH, Alfadley AA, Al-Saif MI, et al. Perceived causes of stress among Saudi dental students. King Saud University Journal of Dental Sciences 2013;4(1):7-15.
- Venugopal S. Engineering students' stress management: International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science. www.irjmets.com :www.irjmets.com 2022. -ISSN: 2582-5208
- Zheng YX, Jiao JR, Hao WN. Prevalence of stress among nursing students: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022;101(31):e29293.
- Mardea NA, Widayanti AW, Kristina SA. Stress level comparison between pharmacy students and Non-pharmacy students in Indonesia. Int J Pharm Res 2022;12(3):204-9.
References
Vaz RF, Mbajiorgu EF, and Acuda SW. A preliminary study of stress levels among first-year medical students at the University of Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med 1998;44(9):214-9.
Abdus Salam, Ribeye Yousef, et al., Stress among Medical Students in Malaysia: A Systematic Review of Literature. International Medical Journal 2013;20(6):649-55.
Sherina MS, Rampal L, Kaneson N. Psychological stress among undergraduate medical students. Med J Malaysia 2004;59(2):207-11.
Lupo MK, Strous RD. Religiosity, anxiety and depression among Israeli medical students. Isr Med Assoc J 2011;13(10):613-8.
Rosal MC, Ockene IS, Ockene JK, et al. A longitudinal study of students' depression at one medical school. Acad Med 1997;72(6):542-6.
Sidana S, Kishore J, Ghosh V, et al. Prevalence of depression in students of a medical college in New Delhi: a cross-sectional study. Australas Med J 2012;5(5):247-50.
Dagistani A, Al Hejaili F, Binsalih S, et al. Stress in medical students in a problem-based learning curriculum. International Journal of Higher Education 2016;5(3):12-9.
Rab F, Mamdou R, Nasir S. Rates of depression and anxiety among female medical students in Pakistan. East Mediterr Health J 2008;14(1):126-33.
Stewart SM, Betson C, Marshall I, et al. Stress and vulnerability in medical students. Med Educ 1995;29(2):119-27.
Gupta S, Choudhury S, Das M, et al. Factors causing stress among students of a Medical College in Kolkata, India. Educ Health 2015;28(1):92-5.
Shendarkar AT, Patil V. A study of stressors in medical college students in northern Maharashtra. J Indian Acad Forensic Med 2013;35(3):227-9.
Pradhan G, Mendonca NL, Sahajanand S, et al. Does appearing for exams cause stress? Evaluation the stress status among MBBS students influence of examinations. IJHSR 2013;3(11):38-43.
Linn BS, Zeppa R. Stress in junior medical students: relationship to personality and performance. J Med Educ 1984;59(1):7-12.
Priti Solanky et al. Study of psychological stress among undergraduate medical students of government medical college. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2012;1(2):38-42.
Supe AN. A study of stress in medical students at Seth G.S. Medical College. J Postgrad Med 1998;44(1):1-6.
Daud S, Shaikh RZ, Ahmad M, et al. Stress in medical students. Pak J Med Health Sci 2014;8(3):503-7.
Abdulghani HM, AlKanhal AA, Mahmoud ES, et al. Stress and Its Effects on Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study at a College of Medicine in Saudi Arabia. J Health Popul Nutr 2011;29(5):516-22.
Sharma B. A study of academic stress and its effect on vital parameters in final year medical students at SAIMS, India. Biomed Res 2011;22(3):361-5.
Ross S, Cleland J, Macleod MJ. Stress, debt and undergraduate medical student performance. Med Educ 2006;40(6):584-9.
Nandi M, Hazra A, Sarkar S, et al. Stress and its risk factors in medical students. Indian J Med Sci 2012;66(1-2):1-12.
Welsh JW, Shentu Y, Sarvey DB. Substance use among college students. Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ) 2019;17(2):117-27.
Caldeira KM, Kasperski SJ, Sharma E, et al. College students rarely seek help despite serious substance use problems. J Subst Abuse Treat 2009;37(4):368-78.
Skidmore CR, Kaufman EA, Crowell SE. Substance use among college students. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2016;25(4):735-53.
Arria AM, Caldeira KM, Vincent KB, et al. Do college students improve their grades by using prescription stimulants nonmedically? Addict Behav 2017;65:245-9.
Croom K, Lewis D, Marchell T, et al. Impact of an online alcohol education course on behavior and harm for incoming first-year college students: short-term evaluation of a randomized trial. J Am Coll Health 2009;57(4):445-54.
Lipari RN, Jean-Francois B. Trends in perception of risk and availability of substance use among full-time college students. In: The CBHSQ Report. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 2013. 2016.
Sarkar S, Roy SK, Singh R. A study of substance abuse among male engineering students staying at hostels in a township near Kolkata: Int J Community Med Public Health 2018;5(8):3304-10.
Datta A, Bhattacharyya A, Naskar NN. Substance abuse among Medical students: Indian Journal of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata 2015;1(2):41-7
Goel N, Khandelwal V, Pandya K, et al. Alcohol and Tobacco Use Among Undergraduate and Postgraduate Medical Students in India: A Multicentric Cross-sectional Study. Cent Asian J Glob Health 2015;4(1):187.
WHO. Substance Abuse. 2016. Accessed from: www.who.int/topics/substance_abuse/en/
Kumari R, Nath B. Study on the Use of Tobacco among Male Medical Students in Lucknow, India. Indian J Community Med 2008;33(2):100-3.
Mackay J, Eriksen M. The tobacco atlas 2002. Geneva: World Health Organization 2002
Mohan S, Pradeepkumar AS, Thresia CU, et al. Tobacco use among medical professionals in Kerala, India: the need for enhanced tobacco cessation and control efforts. Addict Behave 2006;31(12):2313-8.
Ramakrishna GS, Sarma PS, Thankappan KR. Tobacco use among medical students in Orissa. Natl Med J India 2005;18(6):285-9.
Kumar NSP, Pathath AW, Harsha NS, et al. Stress in Medical Students and its Consequences: A Cross-Sectional Study at a College of Medicine in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Indian Psychȯlog 2022;10(1).
Trushna S, Geetanjali PM, Shah GV. Stress and stressors in medical education and evaluation of different modalities to overcome it. Sch J App Med Sci 2014;2(3D):1123-6.
Pradeepkumar NS, Joseph NM, Kotastane D, et al. Student perspective of pathology museum. Natl Med J India 2010;23(6) 377-8.
Dyrbye LN, Thomas MR, Shanafelt TD. Medical student distress: causes, consequences, and proposed solutions. Mayo Clin Proc 2005;80(12):1613-22.
NH Department of Administrative Services (Gov.) https://www.das.nh.gov› perceived stress scale.
Al-Sowygh ZH, Alfadley AA, Al-Saif MI, et al. Perceived causes of stress among Saudi dental students. King Saud University Journal of Dental Sciences 2013;4(1):7-15.
Venugopal S. Engineering students' stress management: International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science. www.irjmets.com :www.irjmets.com 2022. -ISSN: 2582-5208
Zheng YX, Jiao JR, Hao WN. Prevalence of stress among nursing students: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022;101(31):e29293.
Mardea NA, Widayanti AW, Kristina SA. Stress level comparison between pharmacy students and Non-pharmacy students in Indonesia. Int J Pharm Res 2022;12(3):204-9.