Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences

Papillomatous Lesion of the Hard Palate - A Clinical Image

Anil S. — Thu, 30 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

A 62-year-old male presented to our ENT outpatient department after having noticed a growth in the oral cavity for the past 2 months. No bleeding or difficulty in swallowing was seen. There was no history of tobacco or alcohol intake. He was known to be hypertensive on medication. A solitary, well-circumscribed exophytic, pedunculated lesion of size approximately 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm over right side of the hard palate was seen (Fig.). The surface was irregular with a pinkish white appearance. It was firm in consistency and did not bleed on touch. After workup, he underwent excision of the lesion with bipolar cautery of the base under local anaesthesia. After excision, the base was cauterised. Post-operative period was uneventful. Histopathological examination revealed papillary projections of stratified squamous epithelium supported by fibrovascular cores, consistent with squamous papilloma. No epithelial dysplasia or malignancy was noted. No recurrence was observed on follow-up.

Correlation of Ultrasonographic Ovarian Parameters and Hormonal Parameters in Polycystic Ovarian Disease

Snehpreet, Arvinder Singh, Kunwarpal Singh, Manjeet Kaur — Sat, 30 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

BACKGROUND

Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is an endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterised by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and PCOM (Polycystic Ovarian Morphology). It has a global prevalence of 4–10%. PCOD often presents during adolescence and is diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria, which require at least two of the following: oligo/anovulation, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, or PCOM on ultrasound.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study involved 135 female patients clinically suspected of having PCOD, referred from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for pelvic ultrasonography. Inclusion criteria included clinical features such as oligomenorrhoea, infertility, hirsutism, and obesity. Pelvic ultrasound was performed to assess ovarian volume, follicle count and size, and stromal echogenicity. Hormonal profiles (LH, FSH, LH/FSH ratio) were also evaluated.

RESULTS

The majority of participants (70.4%) were aged 18–25 years. Menstrual irregularities were reported in 88.8% of cases, subfertility in 42%, hirsutism in 35.5%, and obesity in 3.7%. Ovarian volume >10 cc was seen in 85.9% of participants. Follicle count >20 per ovary was observed in 88.8%, and 90.3% had follicles measuring 2–9 mm. Elevated LH levels were seen in 89.47% of patients with an ovarian volume >10 cc. A borderline significant association was found between ovarian volume and FSH levels.

CONCLUSIONS

While many patients were overweight or pre-obese, lean PCOD cases were also noted. Key ultrasound features, such as increased ovarian volume and peripheral follicle arrangement, showed strong correlations with hormonal imbalances, supporting the need for integrated and personalised approaches to diagnosis and management.

Sinonasal Malignant Melanoma - A Rare and Aggressive Entity

Naval Kishore, Mogulla Mamatha, R. P. Sushma Kumari, Govindu Sai Bhavishya — Thu, 30 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Sinonasal malignant melanoma (SNMM) accounts for less than 1% of melanomas and less than 4% of sinonasal tumors. They are uncommon, aggressive tumors originating from mucosal melanocytes.^[1] Elderly individuals often experience nonspecific symptoms, such as obstruction or epistaxis, which can lead to a delayed diagnosis. . In order to stop the tumor from spreading locally and regionally, an early and precise diagnosis is crucial because the tumor is extremely aggressive. The number of sinonasal malignant melanomas that have been reported and published has increased recently.

Primary Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland- A Case Report

Vanathu Mariyapragasam M., Priyokumar Singh Oinam, Ladeiti Hynniewta — Thu, 30 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

LEC (Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma) arising in the salivary glands is extremely rare; it was originally described by Hilderman in 1962 and comprises only 0.4% of salivary carcinomas.^[1,2] It is identified by histopathological features of undifferentiated malignant epithelial cells within lymphoid stroma cells.^[3]It has a female preponderance. It is associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection; the Arctic Inuit, Japanese, and Southern Chinese populations have a strong association with EBV infection.^[4]The histology is closely related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma; hence, it has to be ruled out. Commonly found in foregut derivatives, salivary glands, thymus, stomach and liver. However, other anatomical locations, such as the bladder, lacrimal glands, ovaries, cervix, and skin, were also reported.^[5]The mainstay of treatment of parotid LEC is surgical resection with adequate safety margins for patients with resectable tumours.^[2] LEC is highly radiosensitive; hence, surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy improves the patients' long-term survival compared to those treated with surgery alone. We present this rare case of primary lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the left parotid gland, which was treated with superficial parotidectomy followed by adjuvant radiotherapy.

Our case report describes an 85-year-old female diagnosed with primary lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the left parotid, treated with left superficial parotidectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy. There were no recurrences noted during one year of follow-up; currently, the patient is under regular follow-up.

We present this rare case of primary lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the left parotid gland, which was treated with superficial parotidectomy followed by adjuvant radiotherapy.

A Giant Sublingual Dermoid Cyst Masquerading as a Plunging Ranula

Sat, 30 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Dermoid cysts are benign congenital tumors of ectodermal origin that typically arise along the midline where embryonic structures fuse but can also occur as acquired lesions. Dermoid cysts rarely occur in the oral and maxillofacial region. They are mostly asymptomatic swellings that are slow and progressive. They are often misdiagnosed as a plunging ranula and thus require differention from one another as they have different treatment strategies. Here, we present a rare presentation of a sublingual dermoid cyst that poses a significant diagnostic challenge.

Dermoid cysts are benign congenital tumors of ectoderm origin. A ranula is a type of mucocele, a disease of the sublingual salivary gland. Here we report a case of submental dermoid mimicking ranula that was treated by complete surgical excision via transcervical approach.

Hypertriglyceridemia Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Pregnancy Leading to Maternal Complications with Fetal Demise

Shobharani S., Padma, Taniya Erum, Akshay H. M., Sahana B. V. — Sat, 30 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Acute pancreatitis causes include alcoholism, gall stones and drugs, but rarely it can be caused by severe hypertriglyceridemia. Hypertriglyceridemia is usually multifactorial. The mechanism of hypertriglyceridemia may be due to genetic factors, increased production and/or impaired clearance of TRLP (Triglyceride-Rich Protein). Familial hypertriglyceridemia is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with moderate elevations in the serum triglyceride (200-500mg/dl). Pregnancy can cause an exponential rise in triglyceride levels (>1000mg/dl) in patients having mutations with the lipoprotein lipase gene. HIAP (Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Acute Pancreatitis) accounts for 4% of all cases of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy. Though rare, hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis may lead to maternal and fetal complications. A multi-disciplinary team approach is very crucial as maternal and fetal needs must be addressed.

HTG (Hypertriglyceridemia) is one of the rare causes of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy. Hypertriglyceridemia in pregnancy is multifactorial; among them familial chylomicronemia syndrome is the most severe form.^[1]Delay in recognition and proper management, is associated with high maternal and fetal mortality rates.

As the duration of pregnancy increases the risk of pancreatitis associated with HTG also rises to 19% in first trimester, 26% in the 2^nd trimester, 53% in the 3^rd trimester, and 2% in the post-partum period.^[2]