Main Article Content
Abstract
BACKGROUND
A distinct change in human senescence occurs in the face and the most pioneering sign appears in the area surrounding the eyes and nasolabial fold. Each injector learns through experience, where to place the botulinum toxin for desired effects.
Aims & Objectives
Haematoxylin & Eosin study was performed to understand the histology of the Nasolabial fold (NLF).
METHODS
Nasolabial folds were identified in 5 formalin-fixed cadavers aged between 55-70 years. Tissue was obtained from three points: one from ala of the nose (A), second from the angle of the mouth (C), and third from the mid-centre of an imaginary line extending from point A to point C (B) bilaterally and then formalin-fixed, paraffin-installed, and stained with haematoxylin and eosin stain.
RESULTS
Macroscopically, several muscle fibres of different origins were observed to insert directly on the nasolabial fold. On microscopic investigation, muscular fibres were observed to extend from the subcutaneous layer to the dermis, at point A&C and few or no muscle fibres were observed at point B.
CONCLUSIONS
Microscopical investigation shows muscular fibres extending from the subcutaneous layer to the dermis, at point A&C and few or no muscle fibres were observed at point B. If botulism toxin is injected intradermally adjacent to the ala of nose and angle of mouth it gives a satisfactory result to reduce rhytids.
Keywords
Article Details
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References
- Susan S. Gray's anatomy e-book; the anatomical basis of clinical practice, 41st edn. Elsevier Health Sciences 2021.
- Zhang L, Tang MY, Jin R, et al. Classification of nasolabial folds in Asians and the corresponding surgical approaches: By Shanghai 9th People's Hospital. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2015;68(7):914-9.
- Chen GC, Sun M, Yin NB. New insights into the three-dimensional anatomy of the facial mimetic muscles related to the nasolabial fold: an iodine staining technique based on nano-computed tomography. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020;44(1):80-6.
- Pogrel MA, Shariati S, Schmidt B, et al. The surgical anatomy of the nasolabial fold. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol 1998;86(4):410-5.
- Sykes JM. Management of the aging face in the Asian patient. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2007;15(3):353-60.
- Barton FE. The periorbital dissection in rhytidectomy. How deep? Clin Plast Surg 1992;19(2):455-9.
- Beer GM, Manestar M, Mihic-Probst D. The causes of the nasolabial crease: a histomorphological study. Clinical Anatomy 2013;26(2):196-203.
- Horibe EK, Horibe K, Yamaguchi CT. Pronounced nasolabial fold: a surgical correction. Aesthetic Plast Surg 1989;13(2):99-103.
- Guyuron B, Michelow B. The nasolabial fold: a challenge, a solution. Plast Reconstr Surg 1994;93(3):522-32.
- Rafaty FM, Cochran J. A technique of nasolabioplasty. The Laryngoscope 1978;88(1):95-9.
- Carruthers JD, Carruthers JA. Treatment of glabellar frown lines with C. botulinum-A exotoxin. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992;18(1), 17-21.
- Kane MA. The effect of botulinum toxin injections on the nasolabial fold. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003;112(5);66S-74S.
References
Susan S. Gray's anatomy e-book; the anatomical basis of clinical practice, 41st edn. Elsevier Health Sciences 2021.
Zhang L, Tang MY, Jin R, et al. Classification of nasolabial folds in Asians and the corresponding surgical approaches: By Shanghai 9th People's Hospital. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2015;68(7):914-9.
Chen GC, Sun M, Yin NB. New insights into the three-dimensional anatomy of the facial mimetic muscles related to the nasolabial fold: an iodine staining technique based on nano-computed tomography. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020;44(1):80-6.
Pogrel MA, Shariati S, Schmidt B, et al. The surgical anatomy of the nasolabial fold. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol 1998;86(4):410-5.
Sykes JM. Management of the aging face in the Asian patient. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2007;15(3):353-60.
Barton FE. The periorbital dissection in rhytidectomy. How deep? Clin Plast Surg 1992;19(2):455-9.
Beer GM, Manestar M, Mihic-Probst D. The causes of the nasolabial crease: a histomorphological study. Clinical Anatomy 2013;26(2):196-203.
Horibe EK, Horibe K, Yamaguchi CT. Pronounced nasolabial fold: a surgical correction. Aesthetic Plast Surg 1989;13(2):99-103.
Guyuron B, Michelow B. The nasolabial fold: a challenge, a solution. Plast Reconstr Surg 1994;93(3):522-32.
Rafaty FM, Cochran J. A technique of nasolabioplasty. The Laryngoscope 1978;88(1):95-9.
Carruthers JD, Carruthers JA. Treatment of glabellar frown lines with C. botulinum-A exotoxin. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992;18(1), 17-21.
Kane MA. The effect of botulinum toxin injections on the nasolabial fold. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003;112(5);66S-74S.