Main Article Content
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Breast lump is one of the most prevalent ailments that women face. Mostly these lumps are benign, but breast malignancy is the most common form of cancer and is the second leading cause of malignancy deaths in women. Fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast mass and invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common malignancy. Delay in the detection causes the malignancy to progress to an advanced stage. Early detection of malignancies in initial stages is done using triple test to decrease mortality. Incidence of breast cancer can be reduced by 30% by the routine mammographic screening of healthy women. We wanted to correlate the clinical and pathological diagnosis in patients presenting with palpable breast lumps and assess the reliability of clinical examination as a pre-procedural diagnostic tool in this study.
METHODS
A prospective observational study was done in a total of 100 women. Detailed clinical history and examination were done and then compared to histopathological results. The final results were statistically analyzed.
RESULTS
The clinical examination exhibited a sensitivity of 97.96% and a specificity of 96.08% for the identification of cancer when the data were considered collectively. The clinical examination's positive predictive value was 95.84%, and its negative predictive value was 98.08%.
CONCLUSIONS
A significant correlation was also observed between the clinical diagnosis and final pathological diagnosis. So routine clinical examination would definitely be helpful in early diagnosis.
Keywords
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
- Breast cancer, India [Internet]. [Place unknown]: Breast cancer India 2014. Available from http://www.breastcancerindia.net
- Barton MB, Elmore JG, Fletcher SW. Breast symptoms among women enrolled in a health maintenance organization: frequency, evaluation, and outcome. Ann Intern Med 1999;130(8):651‐79.
- Durhan G, Azizova A, Önder Ö, et al. Imaging findings and clinicopathological correlation of breast cancer in women under 40 years old. Eur J Breast Health 2019;15(3):147-52.
- Samal S, Swain PK, Pattanayak S. Clinical, pathological, and radiological correlative study of benign breast diseases in a tertiary care hospital. Int Surg J 2019;6(7):2471-6.
- Sabel MS. Clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, and clinical evaluation of a palpable breast mass. UpToDate. Post TW (ed). UpToDate, Waltham, MA. 2022.
- Santen RJ, Mansel R. Benign breast disorders. N Engl J Med 2005;353(3):275-85.
- Barton MB, Harris R, Fletcher SW. The rational clinical examination. Does this patient have breast cancer? The screening clinical breast examination: should it be done? How? JAMA 1999;282(13):1270-80.
- van Dam PA, Van Goethem ML, Kersschot E, et al. Palpable solid breast masses: retrospective single- and multimodality evaluation of 201 lesions. Radiology 1988;166(2):435-9.
- Masood S. Breast cancer subtypes: morphologic and biologic characterization. Women’s Health 2016;12(1):103-19.
- Esserman LJ, Joe BN, Hayes DF, et al. Diagnostic evaluation of suspected breast cancer. UpToDate. Post TW (ed): UpToDate, Waltham, MA 2022.
- Riaz M, Singh G, Kaul P, et al. To study the clinicopathological correlation of the breast lumps in a tertiary care centre. Clinicopathological correlation of breast lumps. International Journal Dental and Medical Sciences Research 2022;4(4)759-65.
- International Surgery Journal Modhia D et al. A clinico-pathological study of benign breast disease at tertiary care centre. Int Surg J 2022;9(6):1210-4.
- Chakraborti K, Bahl P, Sahoo M, et al. Magentic resonance imaging of breast masses: comparison with mammography. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2005;15(3):381-7.
- Ngan TT, Nguyen NTQ, Van Minh H, et al. Effectiveness of clinical breast examination as a ‘stand-alone’ screening modality: an overview of systematic reviews. BMC Cancer 2020;20(1):1070.
References
Breast cancer, India [Internet]. [Place unknown]: Breast cancer India 2014. Available from http://www.breastcancerindia.net
Barton MB, Elmore JG, Fletcher SW. Breast symptoms among women enrolled in a health maintenance organization: frequency, evaluation, and outcome. Ann Intern Med 1999;130(8):651‐79.
Durhan G, Azizova A, Önder Ö, et al. Imaging findings and clinicopathological correlation of breast cancer in women under 40 years old. Eur J Breast Health 2019;15(3):147-52.
Samal S, Swain PK, Pattanayak S. Clinical, pathological, and radiological correlative study of benign breast diseases in a tertiary care hospital. Int Surg J 2019;6(7):2471-6.
Sabel MS. Clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, and clinical evaluation of a palpable breast mass. UpToDate. Post TW (ed). UpToDate, Waltham, MA. 2022.
Santen RJ, Mansel R. Benign breast disorders. N Engl J Med 2005;353(3):275-85.
Barton MB, Harris R, Fletcher SW. The rational clinical examination. Does this patient have breast cancer? The screening clinical breast examination: should it be done? How? JAMA 1999;282(13):1270-80.
van Dam PA, Van Goethem ML, Kersschot E, et al. Palpable solid breast masses: retrospective single- and multimodality evaluation of 201 lesions. Radiology 1988;166(2):435-9.
Masood S. Breast cancer subtypes: morphologic and biologic characterization. Women’s Health 2016;12(1):103-19.
Esserman LJ, Joe BN, Hayes DF, et al. Diagnostic evaluation of suspected breast cancer. UpToDate. Post TW (ed): UpToDate, Waltham, MA 2022.
Riaz M, Singh G, Kaul P, et al. To study the clinicopathological correlation of the breast lumps in a tertiary care centre. Clinicopathological correlation of breast lumps. International Journal Dental and Medical Sciences Research 2022;4(4)759-65.
International Surgery Journal Modhia D et al. A clinico-pathological study of benign breast disease at tertiary care centre. Int Surg J 2022;9(6):1210-4.
Chakraborti K, Bahl P, Sahoo M, et al. Magentic resonance imaging of breast masses: comparison with mammography. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2005;15(3):381-7.
Ngan TT, Nguyen NTQ, Van Minh H, et al. Effectiveness of clinical breast examination as a ‘stand-alone’ screening modality: an overview of systematic reviews. BMC Cancer 2020;20(1):1070.