Main Article Content
Abstract
BACKGROUND
World population growth, pollution and overcrowding have all contributed to an increase in respiratory infections. Antibiotic resistant virulent bacteria are on the rise, and they're spreading quickly. As a general rule, lower respiratory tract infections cause only minor symptoms but can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Improvements in public and professional awareness of the long-term nature of many LRTIs could lead to better antibiotic stewardship. The objective of the study was to assess the prescription pattern of antibiotics in patients in a pulmonary ward of a tertiary care hospital, Jammu and Kashmir.
METHODS
A six-month prospective observational study in a pulmonary ward of a tertiary care hospital in Jammu and Kashmir looked at antibiotic use patterns in a single location. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 355 patients were considered for evaluation. Asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), and acute respiratory infections such as the common cold and pharyngitis were all included in the study.
RESULTS
In our study, 230 (64.79%) of the 355 patients were males, while 125 (35.21%) were females. Pulmonary Tuberculosis had the highest number of cases observed (157 patients, 44.22 percent), followed by COPD 91 patients (25.63 percent), pneumonia 46 patients (12.95 percent), Pleural effusion cases 43 patients (12.11 percent), and Bronchiectasis cases 18 patients (5.07 percent). The findings revealed that the most commonly prescribed antibiotics were Cephalosporins, Macrolides, Metronidazole, Penicillins, Aminoglycosides, Doxycycline, Fluoroquinolones, and finally Carbapenems.
CONCLUSIONS
Globally, respiratory illnesses are on the rise due to a growth in population, pollution, urbanization and overcrowding. There is a rapid increase in the number of multi-drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. However, lower respiratory tract infections can cause severe morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Understanding and judicious use of antibiotics may be improved if more people are aware of the long-term nature of LRTIs. In order to understand the dangers and advantages of antibiotic treatment, further research is needed. There is a risk that the use of antibiotics for minor viral respiratory infections could lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant viruses in the community.
Keywords
Article Details
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References
- Entezari-Maleki T, Ebrahimi N, Bayatmakoo Z, et al. Drug Utilization evaluation of carbapenems in a teaching hospital in Tabriz-Iran. Journal of Pharmaceutical Care 2018; 6(1-2):9-12.
- Teli A. A study of drug utilization and prescribing patterns of drugs in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseased patients (IPD and OPD) in tertiary care hospital. Acta Scientific Pharmacology 2020;1:1-9.
- Maqbool M, Zehravi M, Maqbool R, et al. Study of adverse drug reactions in pulmonary medicine department of a Tertiary care hospital, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India. CELLMED 2021;11(2):8-11.
- Maqbool M, Dugassa D, Fekadu G. Adverse drug reactions of antiepileptic drugs in the neurology department of a tertiary care hospital, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India. Archives of Neuroscience 2021;8(2).
- Zehravi M, Maqbool M, Ara I. Healthy lifestyle and dietary approaches to treating polycystic ovary syndrome: a review. Open Health 2022;3(1):60-5.
- Zehravi M, Maqbool M, Ara I. Polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive health of women: a curious association, International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 2021;33(6):333-7.
- Zehravi M, Maqbool M, Ara I. Depression and anxiety in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a literature survey, International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 2021;33(6):367-73.
- Zehravi M, Maqbool M, Ara I. Polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility: an update. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 2021;34(2):1-9.
- Zehravi M, Maqbool M, Ara I. An overview about safety surveillance of adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance in India. The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 2021;58(3):408-18.
- Maqbool R, Maqbool M, Zehravi M, et al. Menstrual distress in females of reproductive age: a literature review. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 2021;34(2):11-7.
- Ali H, Alam S, Zafar F, et al. Drug utilization pattern of ciprofloxacin, meropenem and amikacin in tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018;80(4):610-8.
- Ramalingam K, Rajagopal SS, Kandasamy K, et al. Assessment of potential drug interactions among hospitalized patients at the cardiac and pulmonary departments in tertiary care hospitals. Assessment 2018;11(5).
- Biradar SM, Ummehani M, Bijjaragi P, et al. Drug utilization study and Clinical Pharmacist Interventions in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients of a tertiary care hospital. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 2019;9(1):893-902.
- Rasool S, Maqbool M, Joshi Y. Drug utilization studies among ENT patients in various clinical settings: a comprehensive review. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 2019;9(1-s):481-5.
- Maqbool M, Khan M, Mohammad M, et al. Awareness about reproductive health in adolescents and youth: a review. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 2019:1-5.
- Maqbool M, Fekadu G, Jiang X, et al. An up to date on clinical prospects and management of osteoarthritis. Annals of Medicine and Surgery 2021;72:103077.
- Maqbool M, Bekele F, Fekadu G. Treatment strategies against triple-negative breast cancer: an updated review. Breast Cancer: Targets and Therapy 2022;14:15-24.
- Maqbool M, Ara I, Gani I. The story of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a challenging disorder with numerous consequences for females of reproductive age. International Journal of Current Research in Physiology and Pharmacology 2022;6(3):19-31.
- Maqbool R, Maqbool M, Zehravi M, Ara I. Acute neurological conditions during pregnancy and their management: a review. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 2021;33(6):357-66.
- Ara I, Maqbool M, Gani I. Neuroprotective activity of herbal medicinal products: a review. International Journal of Current Research in Physiology and Pharmacology 2022;6(4):1-10.
- John NN. An assessment of utilization of oral glucocorticoids. Saudi J Med Pharm Sci 2021;7(2):82-5.
- Gomroki S, Pharm D, A prospective study on “drug utilization study on antibiotics use in lower respiratory tract infection and pneumonia. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2020;9(3):1472-96.
- Mulchand S, Bhupesh G, Dhanshree P, et al. Assessment of drug utilization pattern of steroids in a district general hospital in Amravati region. Research Results in Pharmacology 2019;5(2):57-64.
- I Ara I, Zehravi M, Maqbool M, et al. a review of recent developments and future challenges in the implementation of universal health coverage policy framework in some countries. J Pharma Res Rep 2022;3(2):1-8.
- Ara I, Maqbool M, Gani I. Reproductive health of women: implications and attributes. International Journal of Current Research in Physiology and Pharmacology. 2022:8-18.
- Zehravi M, Maqbool M, Ara I. Teenage menstrual dysfunction: an overview. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 2022;35(1):15-9.
- Ara I, Maqbool M, Gani I. Specificity and personalized medicine: a novel approach to cancer management. International Journal of Current Research in Physiology and Pharmacology 2022;6(4):11-20.
- Ara I, Maqbool M, Gani I. Role of insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus: a literature review. Chettinad Health City Medical Journal (E-2278-2044 & P-2277-8845). 2022;11(2):69-74.
- Maqbool M, Zehravi M, Maqbool R, et al. An overview about treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus: a short communication. CELLMED 2021;11(3):12.1-5.
- Vazin A, Karimzadeh I, Karamikhah R, et al. Clinical and economical impacts of guideline implementation by the pharmaceutical care unit for high cost medications in a referral teaching hospital. BMC health services Research 2018;18:1-10.
- Phillips KG, Ward AF, Ranganath NK, et al. Impact of the opioid epidemic on lung transplantation: donor, recipient, and discard characteristics. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2019;108(5):1464-70.
- Mohd M, Maqbool M, Dar MA, Mushtaq I. Polycystic ovary syndrome, a modern epidemic: an overview. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 2019;9(3):641-4.
References
Entezari-Maleki T, Ebrahimi N, Bayatmakoo Z, et al. Drug Utilization evaluation of carbapenems in a teaching hospital in Tabriz-Iran. Journal of Pharmaceutical Care 2018; 6(1-2):9-12.
Teli A. A study of drug utilization and prescribing patterns of drugs in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseased patients (IPD and OPD) in tertiary care hospital. Acta Scientific Pharmacology 2020;1:1-9.
Maqbool M, Zehravi M, Maqbool R, et al. Study of adverse drug reactions in pulmonary medicine department of a Tertiary care hospital, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India. CELLMED 2021;11(2):8-11.
Maqbool M, Dugassa D, Fekadu G. Adverse drug reactions of antiepileptic drugs in the neurology department of a tertiary care hospital, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India. Archives of Neuroscience 2021;8(2).
Zehravi M, Maqbool M, Ara I. Healthy lifestyle and dietary approaches to treating polycystic ovary syndrome: a review. Open Health 2022;3(1):60-5.
Zehravi M, Maqbool M, Ara I. Polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive health of women: a curious association, International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 2021;33(6):333-7.
Zehravi M, Maqbool M, Ara I. Depression and anxiety in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a literature survey, International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 2021;33(6):367-73.
Zehravi M, Maqbool M, Ara I. Polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility: an update. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 2021;34(2):1-9.
Zehravi M, Maqbool M, Ara I. An overview about safety surveillance of adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance in India. The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 2021;58(3):408-18.
Maqbool R, Maqbool M, Zehravi M, et al. Menstrual distress in females of reproductive age: a literature review. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 2021;34(2):11-7.
Ali H, Alam S, Zafar F, et al. Drug utilization pattern of ciprofloxacin, meropenem and amikacin in tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018;80(4):610-8.
Ramalingam K, Rajagopal SS, Kandasamy K, et al. Assessment of potential drug interactions among hospitalized patients at the cardiac and pulmonary departments in tertiary care hospitals. Assessment 2018;11(5).
Biradar SM, Ummehani M, Bijjaragi P, et al. Drug utilization study and Clinical Pharmacist Interventions in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients of a tertiary care hospital. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 2019;9(1):893-902.
Rasool S, Maqbool M, Joshi Y. Drug utilization studies among ENT patients in various clinical settings: a comprehensive review. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 2019;9(1-s):481-5.
Maqbool M, Khan M, Mohammad M, et al. Awareness about reproductive health in adolescents and youth: a review. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 2019:1-5.
Maqbool M, Fekadu G, Jiang X, et al. An up to date on clinical prospects and management of osteoarthritis. Annals of Medicine and Surgery 2021;72:103077.
Maqbool M, Bekele F, Fekadu G. Treatment strategies against triple-negative breast cancer: an updated review. Breast Cancer: Targets and Therapy 2022;14:15-24.
Maqbool M, Ara I, Gani I. The story of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a challenging disorder with numerous consequences for females of reproductive age. International Journal of Current Research in Physiology and Pharmacology 2022;6(3):19-31.
Maqbool R, Maqbool M, Zehravi M, Ara I. Acute neurological conditions during pregnancy and their management: a review. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 2021;33(6):357-66.
Ara I, Maqbool M, Gani I. Neuroprotective activity of herbal medicinal products: a review. International Journal of Current Research in Physiology and Pharmacology 2022;6(4):1-10.
John NN. An assessment of utilization of oral glucocorticoids. Saudi J Med Pharm Sci 2021;7(2):82-5.
Gomroki S, Pharm D, A prospective study on “drug utilization study on antibiotics use in lower respiratory tract infection and pneumonia. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2020;9(3):1472-96.
Mulchand S, Bhupesh G, Dhanshree P, et al. Assessment of drug utilization pattern of steroids in a district general hospital in Amravati region. Research Results in Pharmacology 2019;5(2):57-64.
I Ara I, Zehravi M, Maqbool M, et al. a review of recent developments and future challenges in the implementation of universal health coverage policy framework in some countries. J Pharma Res Rep 2022;3(2):1-8.
Ara I, Maqbool M, Gani I. Reproductive health of women: implications and attributes. International Journal of Current Research in Physiology and Pharmacology. 2022:8-18.
Zehravi M, Maqbool M, Ara I. Teenage menstrual dysfunction: an overview. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 2022;35(1):15-9.
Ara I, Maqbool M, Gani I. Specificity and personalized medicine: a novel approach to cancer management. International Journal of Current Research in Physiology and Pharmacology 2022;6(4):11-20.
Ara I, Maqbool M, Gani I. Role of insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus: a literature review. Chettinad Health City Medical Journal (E-2278-2044 & P-2277-8845). 2022;11(2):69-74.
Maqbool M, Zehravi M, Maqbool R, et al. An overview about treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus: a short communication. CELLMED 2021;11(3):12.1-5.
Vazin A, Karimzadeh I, Karamikhah R, et al. Clinical and economical impacts of guideline implementation by the pharmaceutical care unit for high cost medications in a referral teaching hospital. BMC health services Research 2018;18:1-10.
Phillips KG, Ward AF, Ranganath NK, et al. Impact of the opioid epidemic on lung transplantation: donor, recipient, and discard characteristics. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2019;108(5):1464-70.
Mohd M, Maqbool M, Dar MA, Mushtaq I. Polycystic ovary syndrome, a modern epidemic: an overview. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 2019;9(3):641-4.