Main Article Content
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Ocular trauma is the major cause for preventable monocular blindness and visual impairment worldwide. It accounts for 8%-14% of total injuries in the pediatric age group. Various studies have shown its higher incidence in this age group. They have different patterns of ocular injuries than adults and have age specific type of injuries. The number of blind years that a child lives with compared to an adult is far more. Most of the previous studies have been on ocular trauma among the adult population, specifically the factory workers in the city of Ludhiana. Moreover, this study aimed to derive a relation between the time of presentation from the injury and the final visual outcome which has rarely been reported in other studies. Profile of ocular trauma in an area is a dynamic and ever changing trend. Therefore, we proposed to study the profile of ocular trauma in pediatric population presenting to our hospital.
METHODS
A total of 60 patients between the age of 0 to 17 years were included in this study. The study was conducted from 15th December 2020 to 31st May 2022. Complete ocular examination was done at the time of presentation and after management; The best corrected visual acuity was noted at the end of three months.
RESULTS
Among our study subjects 45% belonged to the age group of 11-17 years. A male predominance (68.3%) was noted. For most of the subjects, the duration between time of injury and time of examination was less than 6 hours. The proportion of closed globe type of injury (80%) was significantly higher as compared to open globe (8.3%) and extraocular type of injury (11.7%). At the 3 month follow up, out of the 53 study subjects, 92.45% had good visual outcome (VO), 3.77% had fair VO and 3.77% had poor VO respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Most of the pediatric ocular trauma may be avoided, which emphasizes the value of health education, adult supervision, and the implementation of suitable interventions to lessen the frequency and severity of trauma. Better visual outcome is expected with a shorter duration between time of injury and time of presentation.
Keywords
Article Details
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References
- Omolase CO, Omolade EO, Ogunleye OT, et al. Pattern of ocular injuries in owo, Nigeria. J Ophthal Vis Res 2011;6(2):114-8.
- Brophy M, Sinclair SA, Hostetler SG, et al. Pediatric eye injury–related hospitalizations in the United States. Pediatrics 2006;117(6):e1263-71.
- Pardhi CH, Nandedkar VS, Shelke EB, et al. Pattern of pediatric ocular trauma in rural area of Marathwada. J Clin Ophthalmol R 2015;3(3):127-31.
- D'Antone V, Flórez DCP, García CJL, et al. Epidemiological findings of childhood ocular trauma in a public hospital in Colombia. BMC Ophthalmol 2021;21(1):248.
- Prakash RM, Kumar A, Singh VP, et al. Pattern of pediatric ocular trauma in an Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Indian J Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017;3(3):252-8.
- Martí MR, Sánchez RP, Caravajal DD, et al. Some infant games as threats for the ocular health. Medisan 2015;19(10):1184-9.
- Singh S, Sharma B, Kumar K, et al. Epidemiology, clinical profile and factors, predicting final visual outcome of pediatric ocular trauma in a tertiary eye care center of Central India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2017;65(11):1192-7.
- Serrano JC, Chalela P, Arias JD. Epidemiology of childhood ocular trauma in a northeastern Colombian region. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121(10):1439-45.
- Maurya RP, Srivastav T, Singh VP, et al. The epidemiology of ocular trauma in Northern India: a teaching hospital study. Oman J Ophthalmol 2019;12(2):78-83.
- Babar TF, Khan MN, Jan SU, et al. Frequency and causes of bilateral occular trauma. J Coll of Physicians Surg Pak 2007;17(11):679-82.
- Jahangir T, Butt NH, Hamza U, et al. Pattern of presentation and factors leading to ocular trauma. Pak J Ophthalmol 2011;27(2).
- Prasad R, Tiwari D, Kumari B, et al. To study the pattern of ocular trauma and predicting the final visual outcome in paediatric ocular trauma cases in a tertiary eye care centre of Eastern India. Ophthalmol Res An Int J 2020;12(3):29-33.
- Bućan K, Matas A, Lovrić JM, et al. Epidemiology of ocular trauma in children requiring hospital admission: a 16–year retrospective cohort study. J Glob health 2017;7(1).
- Chen H, Zhang X, Han J, et al. Pediatric open globe injury in central China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022;8:762477.
- Puodžiuvienė E, Jokūbauskienė G, Vieversytė M, et al. A five-year retrospective study of the epidemiological characteristics and visual outcomes of pediatric ocular trauma. BMC Ophthalmol 2018;18(1):1-9.
- Badlani B, Saryyam DS, Raichoor AK, et al. Pattern and Final Visual Outcome in Paediatric Ocular Trauma in Central India. J Evolution Med Dent Sci 2020;9(21):1646-8.
- Pieramici DJ, Sternberg P, Aaberg TM, et al. A system for classifying mechanical injuries of the eye (globe). Am J Ophthalmol 1997;123(6):820-31.
References
Omolase CO, Omolade EO, Ogunleye OT, et al. Pattern of ocular injuries in owo, Nigeria. J Ophthal Vis Res 2011;6(2):114-8.
Brophy M, Sinclair SA, Hostetler SG, et al. Pediatric eye injury–related hospitalizations in the United States. Pediatrics 2006;117(6):e1263-71.
Pardhi CH, Nandedkar VS, Shelke EB, et al. Pattern of pediatric ocular trauma in rural area of Marathwada. J Clin Ophthalmol R 2015;3(3):127-31.
D'Antone V, Flórez DCP, García CJL, et al. Epidemiological findings of childhood ocular trauma in a public hospital in Colombia. BMC Ophthalmol 2021;21(1):248.
Prakash RM, Kumar A, Singh VP, et al. Pattern of pediatric ocular trauma in an Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Indian J Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017;3(3):252-8.
Martí MR, Sánchez RP, Caravajal DD, et al. Some infant games as threats for the ocular health. Medisan 2015;19(10):1184-9.
Singh S, Sharma B, Kumar K, et al. Epidemiology, clinical profile and factors, predicting final visual outcome of pediatric ocular trauma in a tertiary eye care center of Central India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2017;65(11):1192-7.
Serrano JC, Chalela P, Arias JD. Epidemiology of childhood ocular trauma in a northeastern Colombian region. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121(10):1439-45.
Maurya RP, Srivastav T, Singh VP, et al. The epidemiology of ocular trauma in Northern India: a teaching hospital study. Oman J Ophthalmol 2019;12(2):78-83.
Babar TF, Khan MN, Jan SU, et al. Frequency and causes of bilateral occular trauma. J Coll of Physicians Surg Pak 2007;17(11):679-82.
Jahangir T, Butt NH, Hamza U, et al. Pattern of presentation and factors leading to ocular trauma. Pak J Ophthalmol 2011;27(2).
Prasad R, Tiwari D, Kumari B, et al. To study the pattern of ocular trauma and predicting the final visual outcome in paediatric ocular trauma cases in a tertiary eye care centre of Eastern India. Ophthalmol Res An Int J 2020;12(3):29-33.
Bućan K, Matas A, Lovrić JM, et al. Epidemiology of ocular trauma in children requiring hospital admission: a 16–year retrospective cohort study. J Glob health 2017;7(1).
Chen H, Zhang X, Han J, et al. Pediatric open globe injury in central China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022;8:762477.
Puodžiuvienė E, Jokūbauskienė G, Vieversytė M, et al. A five-year retrospective study of the epidemiological characteristics and visual outcomes of pediatric ocular trauma. BMC Ophthalmol 2018;18(1):1-9.
Badlani B, Saryyam DS, Raichoor AK, et al. Pattern and Final Visual Outcome in Paediatric Ocular Trauma in Central India. J Evolution Med Dent Sci 2020;9(21):1646-8.
Pieramici DJ, Sternberg P, Aaberg TM, et al. A system for classifying mechanical injuries of the eye (globe). Am J Ophthalmol 1997;123(6):820-31.